Aves silvestres y diseminación de bacterias zoonóticas en ecosistemas antropogénicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63862/rhs-v1n2-385-406-2026Palabras clave:
Aves silvestres, bacterias zoonóticas, resistencia antimicrobiana, One Health, diseminación ambientalResumen
Las aves silvestres desempeñan un papel importante en la diseminación de bacterias zoonóticas entre ecosistemas naturales y antropogénicos debido a su movilidad, comportamiento migratorio y capacidad de adaptación a ambientes modificados por actividades humanas. Entre los principales patógenos asociados con estas aves destacan Salmonella enterica y Escherichia coli productora de toxina Shiga (STEC), bacterias de relevancia para salud pública por su potencial zoonótico, persistencia ambiental y creciente resistencia antimicrobiana. Diversos estudios han demostrado que las aves silvestres interactúan con ambientes urbanos, sistemas agrícolas, cuerpos de agua contaminados, rellenos sanitarios e instalaciones pecuarias, donde adquieren y dispersan bacterias patógenas y genes de resistencia antimicrobiana. Asimismo, análisis moleculares han revelado elevada similitud genética entre aislamientos bacterianos obtenidos de aves, humanos, ganado y matrices ambientales, evidenciando redes complejas de transmisión dentro del enfoque One Health. Las rutas migratorias también favorecen la diseminación transcontinental de bacterias y determinantes de resistencia entre regiones geográficas distantes. La presente revisión sintetiza el conocimiento actual sobre el papel ecológico y epidemiológico de las aves silvestres en la circulación global de bacterias zoonóticas y resistencia antimicrobiana.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan Martín Talavera González; Martín Talavera Rojas
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