Los cuentos de hadas y la psicología infantil: el legado narrativo de Charles Perrault, los Hermanos Grimm y Giambattista Basile y sus complicaciones psicológicas en la primera infancia, ayer y hoy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63862/rhs-v1n2-107-131-2026Keywords:
cuentos de hadas, primera infancia, psicoanálisis, narrativa simbólica, formación de identidad, desarrollo emocionalAbstract
Los cuentos de hadas constituyen uno de los mecanismos narrativos y simbólicos más influyentes en la construcción cultural y psicológica de la infancia occidental. El presente artículo analiza comparativamente el legado de Giambattista Basile, Charles Perrault y los Hermanos Grimm, considerando la evolución histórica de sus relatos y sus implicancias psicológicas en el desarrollo emocional, cognitivo y simbólico durante la primera infancia. A partir de una revisión integradora de literatura proveniente del psicoanálisis, la psicología del desarrollo, la teoría narrativa y la neurociencia cognitiva, se examinan las funciones psicológicas de motivos clásicos como el monstruo, la bruja, la madrastra, el abandono, la muerte y el héroe. El estudio dialoga con los aportes teóricos de Freud, Jung, Klein, Winnicott, Bettelheim y Lacan, sosteniendo que los cuentos de hadas operan como dispositivos simbólicos que permiten a los niños procesar ansiedades, deseos, conflictos identitarios y experiencias emocionales complejas. Asimismo, se analiza críticamente el proceso contemporáneo de sanitización narrativa impulsado por adaptaciones modernas, particularmente audiovisuales, y sus posibles efectos sobre la formación emocional infantil. Se concluye que los cuentos tradicionales continúan desempeñando una función pedagógica, terapéutica y cultural fundamental para el desarrollo psicológico temprano y la construcción de resiliencia emocional.
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